A Beginner's Guide to AWS Lambda

Table of Content

Introduction to AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda is one of the most popular and widely used serverless computing services offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS). It allows developers to run code without the need to manage or provision servers. Instead, the code is executed in response to events, such as changes to data in an Amazon S3 bucket, updates to a DynamoDB table, HTTP requests via Amazon API Gateway, or scheduled events using Amazon CloudWatch.

What is AWS Lambda?

AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that automatically manages the underlying infrastructure, scaling, and execution of your code. You only need to write the code, and AWS Lambda takes care of everything else, including scaling and availability. This frees you from the burden of server management and allows you to focus entirely on your application’s logic.

Key features of AWS Lambda include:

  • Automatic Scaling: AWS Lambda scales your application by running code in response to each trigger. If multiple events occur simultaneously, AWS Lambda will automatically scale out to handle the load.

  • Pay-as-You-Go Pricing: You only pay for the compute time you consume, measured in milliseconds. There’s no charge when your code isn’t running, making it a cost-effective solution for many use cases.

  • Event-Driven Execution: AWS Lambda functions are triggered by events, such as HTTP requests, changes to a database, or messages from a queue.

What is a Lambda Function?

Within the AWS Lambda service, a “lambda function” refers to the code you deploy that AWS Lambda executes in response to events. This function can be written in various programming languages, including Go, Python, Node.js, Java, and others. The lambda function typically consists of:

  1. Handler Function: The core of the lambda function that processes the incoming event and produces a response.

  2. Event Source: The trigger that invokes the lambda function. It could be an S3 bucket, DynamoDB table, API Gateway, etc.

  3. Execution Role: AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role that grants the necessary permissions to the lambda function to interact with other AWS services.

How to Create a Lambda Function in Go

Let’s dive into the steps to create an AWS Lambda function using the Go programming language.

1. Write Your Lambda Function

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package main

import (
    "context"
    "github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambda"
)

// Define the request and response structure
type Request struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
}

type Response struct {
    Message string `json:"message"`
}

// Handler function
func MyHandler(ctx context.Context, req Request) (Response, error) {
    return Response{Message: "Hello, " + req.Name}, nil
}

func main() {
    lambda.Start(MyHandler)
}

In this example:

  • Request and Response structures define the input and output formats.
  • MyHandler is the function that processes the incoming event. It takes a Request and returns a Response.
  • lambda.Start(MyHandler) is the entry point for AWS Lambda to execute your function.

2. Install AWS Lambda Go SDK

You need the AWS Lambda Go SDK to handle Lambda events. Install it using:

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go get github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambda

3. Build the Lambda Function

AWS Lambda runs on a Linux environment, so you’ll need to build your Go program for Linux:

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GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o main main.go

4. Package Your Function

Zip the executable to prepare it for deployment:

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zip function.zip main

5. Deploy Your Lambda Function

Use the AWS CLI to create the Lambda function:

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aws lambda create-function --function-name my-lambda-function \
  --zip-file fileb://function.zip --handler main \
  --runtime go1.x --role arn:aws:iam::your-account-id:role/your-lambda-role

Replace your-account-id and your-lambda-role with your actual AWS account ID and IAM role ARN.

6. Invoke Your Lambda Function

Finally, you can test your function using the AWS CLI:

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aws lambda invoke --function-name my-lambda-function --payload '{"name": "World"}' response.json
cat response.json

This command invokes your Lambda function with the payload {"name": "World"} and stores the response in response.json.

Lambda vs. Lambda Function: Understanding the Difference

It’s important to distinguish between “AWS Lambda” and a “lambda function”:

  • AWS Lambda: The cloud-based service provided by AWS for running serverless functions. It handles all the underlying infrastructure, scaling, and execution of code in response to events.

  • Lambda Function: The specific code you write and deploy to AWS Lambda. This function is executed by AWS Lambda in response to events.

Conclusion

AWS Lambda is a powerful tool that enables developers to build and deploy applications quickly without worrying about server management. By understanding the basics of AWS Lambda and learning how to create a simple Lambda function in Go, you’re well on your way to harnessing the power of serverless computing.

Whether you’re building microservices, processing real-time data, or automating tasks, AWS Lambda provides a scalable, cost-effective, and efficient solution for running your code in the cloud.